VOLUME 3, ISSUE 8, AUGUST 2026

Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach for classifying electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in healthcare applications using federated learning and stacked convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Our innovative technique leverages the distributed nature of federated learning to collaboratively train a high performance model while preserving data privacy on local devices. We propose a stacked CNN architecture tailored for ECG data, effectively extracting discriminative features across different temporal scales. The evaluation confirms the strength of our approach, culminating in a final model accuracy of 98.6% after 100 communication rounds, significantly exceeding baseline performance. This promising result paves the way for accurate and privacy-preserving ECG classification in diverse healthcare settings, potentially leading to improved diagnosis and patient monitoring.

Keywords: ecg signal, engineering profession, federated learning, privacy, signal processing and analysis

Abstract: Due to unprecedented growth, Android platform has become a lucrative target for malware distribution. Malware has been distributed in APK files where users are tricked into downloading those. Signature based and single engine malware scanners fail in detecting new and polymorphic malware, hence making millions of Android users vulnerable. APK Sentinel is a hybrid malware detection tool on the Android platform where a three layer analysis is employed. APK file system static properties are analyzed. [2] DEX byte code disassembly using Androguard is used to collect API calls. [6] Hash lookup via VirusTotal API is also used to collect information from 70+ antivirus engines. [4] Each data point is used in weighted scoring risk analysis to generate a risk score out of 100. APK Sential tool proved that by combining three techniques together in one system provides much better performance than any individual method in the system with 96% detection rate.

Keywords: APK Analysis, Static Analysis, DEX Bytecode, Permission Analysis, Mobile Security, Hybrid Detection.

सार : भक्तिकाल में मीराबाई एक दिव्य चरित्र की महान संत एवं कवयित्री है और उनके जीवन में गिरधर गोपाल के प्रति उनका विरह एवं दासत्व भाव उनके पदों द्वारा प्रतीत होता है | प्रस्तुत शोध पत्र द्वारा यह विश्लेषित किया जायेगा की मीराबाई किस प्रकार स्वयं को सांसारिक बन्धनों में न बांधते हुए केवल गिरधर गोपाल के प्रति दासत्व और विरह भाव को चरम सीमा तक ले गईं | बाई सा का गिरधर गोपाल के प्रति आत्मसमर्पण उन्हें एक दिव्य चरित्र के रूप में परिलक्षित करता है एवं सर्व संपन्न कुल में जन्म लेने के पश्चात भी मीरा बाई के भीतर सांसारिक रिश्ते , धन-संपत्ति आदि किसी के प्रति भी कोई लगाव नहीं था वह केवल गिरधर गोपाल के प्रति समर्पित रहीं, देखा जाये तो जीव को भी इस देह को भूल आत्मा का परमात्मा से मिलन करवाने हेतु सांसारिक बन्धनों में स्वयं को इतना लिप्त नहीं करना चाहिए की देह छूटने के विचार से भी मानसिक पीड़ा का आभास हो | बाई सा ने आजीवन अनेको संतो से भेंट की परन्तु कभी न तो किसी संप्रदाय में बंधी और न ही किसी को अपना शिष्य बनाया | उनके अनुसार संसार में कोई भी बंधन चाहे वह संप्रदाय से जुड़ना ही क्यों न हो , बंधन ही है, जो कभी न कभी ईश्वर के प्राप्ति मार्ग में विघ्न ही उत्पन्न करेगा | निष्कर्षतः कहा जा सकता है की दिव्य चरित्र वाली मीरा का विरह एवं दासत्व भाव हिंदी साहित्य को एक अलग ही पहचान देता है  |

प्रमुख शब्द: मीराबाई, बाई सा, विरह भाव, दासत्व भाव, गिरधर गोपाल, दिव्य चरित्र, अलौकिक, भौतिकवाद, आत्मसमर्पण, साहित्यिक अध्ययन |

Abstract: Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) is widely employed in high-speed networking, packet classification, routing tables, and pattern matching applications because of its capability to perform parallel search operations within a single clock cycle. However, conventional TCAM architectures suffer from excessive dynamic power consumption due to the simultaneous activation of all memory cells during search operations, limiting their applicability in power-constrained FPGA-based embedded systems. This paper presents the design and FPGA implementation of a Low-Power Enable-Controlled Ternary Content Addressable Memory (EC-TCAM) that significantly reduces energy consumption without compromising search accuracy or operating speed. The proposed architecture incorporates an enable-controlled search mechanism that selectively activates only the required TCAM blocks based on input conditions, thereby minimizing unnecessary switching activity and reducing dynamic power dissipation. The design is described using Verilog HDL and synthesized on a Xilinx FPGA platform to evaluate hardware performance in terms of resource utilization, operating frequency, latency, and power consumption. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed EC-TCAM achieves substantial power savings while maintaining high search throughput and low latency compared with conventional TCAM architectures. The proposed design offers an energy-efficient and scalable solution for next-generation networking, deep packet inspection, software-defined networking (SDN), and Internet of Things (IoT) applications requiring high-speed associative memory.

Keywords: Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM), Low-Power Design, Enable-Controlled Architecture, FPGA Implementation, Verilog HDL.

Abstract: Social media algorithms play a huge role in content consumption as they personalize recommendation based on user’s online behavior and preference. As students are the most active users in social media platforms, having a solid knowledge of these algorithmic systems is important to promote online literacy and informed media use. The aim of this research is to describe the level of social media algorithms among students of bachelor’s and master’s degree. The study employed a descriptive quantitative research design with a structured questionnaire distributed to undergraduate and postgraduate students of higher education institutions. To build algorithm literacy and inspire more informed and critical engagement with social media platforms. The study aims to examine social media algorithm awareness and its influence on user’ perception, behaviors, and decision-making processes of UG and PG students.

Keywords: Algorithm, Awareness, Social Media, Behavior, Students

Abstract: Premarital genetic screening can identify haemoglobin genotype and clarify inherited risk before marriage, but actual use may differ from future willingness. This study examined associations between sex and actual and potential utilization among students of Zamfara College of Arts and Science, Gusau. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was specified for 350 students selected through proportionate stratified and systematic sampling. Actual utilization meant genotype testing before marriage or during a serious relationship; potential utilization meant definite or probable willingness to screen when planning marriage. In the modelled dataset, 169 students (48.3%) reported actual utilization and 316 (90.3%) reported positive potential utilization. Females had higher actual utilization than males (53.8% versus 42.7%; p=0.038; OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.02-2.39) and higher positive intention (93.5% versus 87.1%; p=0.045; OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.00-4.52). Sex may influence screening behaviour, but findings require confirmation with actual data and adjusted analysis.

Keywords: actual utilization; genotype testing; potential utilization; premarital genetic screening; sex differences; students

Abstract: Investment decision making is an important aspect of personal financial planning, but individual decisions cannot be explained solely by financial return and risk. Behavioural finance demonstrates that financial knowledge, personality, behavioural tendencies, risk perception, risk tolerance and previous investment experience influence how individuals evaluate and choose investment alternatives. This article presents an integrated review of these determinants in the Indian context by synthesising relevant theoretical frameworks and empirical themes from the literature on Indian retail investors. It proposes an integrated paradigm in which financial literacy, personality, behavioural tendencies, risk perception, risk tolerance and investment experience collectively influence investment decision making, rather than treating them as isolated determinants. The review highlights the fragmented nature of existing literature, particularly the limited concurrent consideration of financial, psychological, behavioural, risk-related and experiential factors, and presents a research paradigm that may subsequently be tested using Structural Equation Modelling on primary data. The integrated approach may offer useful insights for individual investors, financial advisers, educators, financial institutions and policy makers seeking to improve personal investment decisions in India.

Keywords: Behavioural finance, investment decision making, financial literacy, personality, behavioural inclinations, risk perception, risk tolerance, investing experience, Indian investors, integrative review.