VOLUME 2, ISSUE 6, JUNE 2025

Abstract: In this work, ZnFeS nanoparticles were synthesized from its bulk material through high energy ball milling. The ZnFeS nanoparticles were sourced from Wase Local Government Area of Plateau State Nigeria, pre-treated and then ball milled. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) was used for analyzing the structural properties and the confirmation of the nanoparticle sizes. The SEM-EDX Analysis was used to determine the morphology and elemental composition of the ZnFeS nanoparticles. The absorbance at varied wavelengths was used to evaluate the optical properties. The result showed that the ZnFeS nanoparticles have coarsed and flaked crystalline structure. The EDX results indicated the presence of zinc, sulphur and iron. The average nanoparticle size was 51.86 nm. The calculated dislocation density ranged from 0.177 x 10-3 nm-2 to 0.435 x 10-3 nm-2. The transmittance increased as the spectrum wavelength moved from the ultraviolet region to the visible and getting up to 90% at the near-infrared region. The refractive index was found to increase as the photon energy increased from about 1.38eV to about 2.45eV. The band energy gap was 3.63eV. These properties lend credence to the potential utilization of the ZnFeS nanoparticles in diverse photovoltaic and optical instruments.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, band energy gap, optical conductivity, refractive index, absorbance

Abstract: Blood cell cancer poses a significant threat to the human body. Cancer a prevalent, multifaceted, and perilous blood disorder, underscores the utmost significance of early detection and treatment. The vital role that blood cells play in the human body allows for their utilization in clinical diagnosis. To predict this condition, various semiautomatic systems have been developed using different medical imaging techniques. This publication conducts a extensive research of the literature regarding the use of vision transformer (ViT) based models in the analysis of blood cell cancer images. It discusses the merits and drawbacks of several ViT-based models, including DBN, CNN, MVT (medical vision transformers), SW-Vit (shifted window vision transformers), MR-ViT (multi-Resolution vision transformers), SNN (spiking neural networks) and MLNN (multilayer neural networks). Furthermore, the review highlights that research on blood cell cancer detection has employed diverse deep learning models across various publicly available datasets. Performance evaluations of these models involved metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, among others.

Keywords: Vit ViT model Vision Transformer· MVT· MR-ViT·SW-ViT· MLNN· CNN· Accuracy· AUC

Abstract: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and other smart technologies is reshaping industries, particularly in smart manufacturing and digital enterprises. This paper examines the importance of responsible AI—ensuring transparency, fairness, and ethical governance—as businesses integrate intelligent systems across connected environments. It delves into how AI and ML work alongside the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and cyber-physical systems to streamline automation, improve decision-making, and strengthen resilience in the era of Industry 4.0. The study highlights game-changing innovations like digital twins, predictive maintenance, intelligent robotics, and data-driven optimization, all of which drive efficiency and sustainability in production. It also addresses challenges such as data security risks, workforce adaptability, and biases in AI algorithms, offering strategies for overcoming these hurdles through ethical and responsible innovation.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Smart Systems, IoT, Blockchain, Cybersecurity

Abstract: Digital signal filtering is used in many different fields, including communications, radar, navigation and others, because of its excellent performance and the ability to obtain accurate results using FIR and IIR filters.

In this paper, we propose the design and implementation mechanism for FIR digital Moving Average Filter (MAF) based on the use of Cyclone II EP2C20F484C7 FPGA from ALTERA, placed on education and development board DE-1. The designed filter has the following parameters:

-Clock frequency: FCLK=50 MHz.
-Sampling frequency: fsam= 50 MHz.
-Order filter: ( 32 , 128 , 512).
-( SNR)inp =(1/1 , 1/2 , 1/3 , 1/4) .
-Type of input signal is sinusoidal, pulse signals of frequency: finp=1 KHz .
-The ROM capacity for the stored input signal samples is (8192X8) bits, and their values are positive within the range from (0 to 255).
-Frequency range: (3 Hz…1 MHz).
-Frequency Resolution: (3 Hz).
- Signal amplitude (5V).
Digital designs using FPGA allow the system to be modified and developed to obtain better results through reprogramming according to the user's desire.

Keywords: digital filter , FIR, MAF, DDFS , DPNG , FPGA.

Abstract: Digital signal filtering is used in many different fields, including communications, radar, navigation and others, because of its excellent performance and the ability to obtain accurate results using FIR and IIR filter

In this paper, we propose the design and implementation mechanism for FIR digital MBF based on the use of Cyclone II EP2C20F484C7 FPGA from ALTERA, placed on education and development board DE-1. The designed filter has the following parameters:

-Clock frequency: FCLK=50 MHz.
-Sampling frequency: fsam= 2 MHz.
-Pass bands of the multiband filter (MBF): (0 -50 KHz), (100 -150 KHz), (200 -250 KHz) , (300 -350 KHz). -Stop bands of the multiband filter (MBF): (50-100 KHz), (150 -200 KHz), (250 -300 KHz) , (350 -1000 KHz). -Type of input signal is sinusoidal of frequency: finp=25 KHz, 75 KHz ,125 KHz, 175 KHz, 225 KHz, 275 KHz, 325 KHz and 375 KHz.
-The ROM capacity for the stored input signal samples is 8192X8 bits, and their values are positive within the range from (0 to 255).
-Frequency range: (0.12 Hz…1 MHz).
-Frequency Resolution: (0.12 Hz).
- Signal amplitude (5V).
Digital designs using FPGA allow the system to be modified and developed to obtain better results through reprogramming according to the user's desire.

Keywords: digital filter, FIR, MBF, DDFS, FPGA.

Abstract: Manual scavenging remains as one of the worst human rights violations in India even though laws exist to protect people from it and the Constitution ensures their safety. The analysis in this document evaluates social entrepreneurship together with skill development as operational tools to eliminate this dark practice. The research investigates state-supported rehabilitation initiatives through Self Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers (SRMS) and NAMASTE scheme that focus on alternative livelihood opportunities through financial backup and skills development. The paper demonstrates community entrepreneurship and Bandicoot robotic capabilities which combine to eliminate manual work through automation and create respectable employment opportunities for previous scavengers. Apart from NGOs and cooperatives the study examines their efforts to draw community involvement and provide psychosocial support. This research based on socio-legal principles through field investigations demonstrates economic training together with business establishment provides viable alternative income while confronting caste-based power systems that preserve manual scavenging. Finding show that enforceable laws must merge with inclusive policy frameworks and local problem-solving initiatives to sever the fundamental bases of this practice. The paper ends by suggesting ways to expand these models through cooperation between public and private organizations.

Keywords: Manual Scavenging, Social Entrepreneurship, Technological Innovation, Skill Development, Rehabilitation and Empowerment