Abstract: In the current digital era,mining the user opinions has gained substantial attention due to the growing volume of social media contentand the availability of massive data sources. The rise of big data technologies has enabled more advanced sentiment analysis by combining multiple analytical approaches. Thisstudyprovides a comprehensivereview of recent developmentsin sentiment analysis. This paper explores various sentiment analysis techniques,including lexicon-driven models, machine learning algorithms, and rule-oriented method along with methods for managing negations and intensifiers commonly known as modifiers.This study also highlights the main challenges and outlinesfuture research directions for opinion mining. The aim is to offer a comprehensive understanding of recent trends and developments in opinion mining serving as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners.

Keywords: opinion mining, social media content, lexicon-based, big data.

Download: | DOI: 10.17148/IMRJR.2025.020804