VOLUME 3, ISSUE 7, JULY 2026

Abstract: This paper undertakes a systematic philosophical examination of Rabindranath Tagore’s ecological consciousness and evaluates its enduring relevance for contemporary environmental ethics. Situating Tagore within the intersecting traditions of Upanishadic non-dualism, Baul immanentism, and Romantic naturalism, the paper identifies three constitutive dimensions of his ecological philosophy: the relational ontology of nature expressed through his concept of “jeevan-devata”; the ethical orientation of “viswa-bodh” or cosmic awareness as a cultivated moral capacity; and the pedagogical institutionalization of ecological values at Shantiniketan as a living experiment in environmental education. The paper then brings these ideas into critical dialogue with major currents of contemporary environmental ethics—deep ecology, biocentrism, ecocriticism, and environmental pragmatism—identifying both significant structural convergences and philosophically important points of tension. It further subjects Tagore’s ecological vision to rigorous scrutiny from the perspectives of postcolonial ecocriticism and political ecology, arguing that while his aesthetico- spiritual framework offers genuine and underexplored philosophical resources, it requires supplementation by sustained attention to power, environmental justice, and the material conditions of ecological harm. The paper concludes by proposing three reconstructive moves through which a critically updated Tagorean environmental ethics can make a genuinely distinctive contribution to global ecological discourse in the twenty-first century.

Keywords: Tagore, Ecological Consciousness, Environmental Ethics, Deep Ecology, Biocentrism, Viswa-Bodh, Postcolonial Ecocriticism, Advaita Vedanta, Shantiniketan, Anthropocentrism

Abstract: Government welfare schemes play a essential role in promoting socio-economic empowerment, reducing poverty, and achieving sustainable development in India. Among these initiatives, the “Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act” (MGNREGA) has emerged as one of the most significant employment generation programmes for rural households. The present study examines the impact of government welfare schemes on socio- economic empowerment and sustainability by analysing the relationship between employment generation under MGNREGA and poverty reduction measured through the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-1) Index. The article is based on secondary data collected from the Ministry of Rural Development and NITI Aayog reports covering the period 2018–2023. Trend and comparative analyses were employed to examine changes in employment generation and poverty reduction. The findings reveal that increased employment opportunities under MGNREGA are positively associated with improvements in the SDG-1 Index, indicating a reduction in poverty and enhancement of rural livelihoods. The study concludes that effective implementation of welfare schemes contributes significantly to inclusive growth, socio-economic empowerment, and long-term sustainability. Strengthening implementation, improving awareness, and integrating skill development with employment programmes are recommended to maximize the impact of welfare initiatives.

Keywords: Government Welfare Schemes, MGNREGA, Socio-economic Empowerment, Poverty Reduction, Sustainable Development, SDG-1, Rural Employment.

Abstract: Customer churn refers to the number of customers who end their relationship with a company within a given period, and it is an important metric for businesses, especially those that rely heavily on subscriptions or recurring revenue streams. Using statistical methods such as binary logistic regression, this paper analysed a publicly available dataset containing information about a telecom provider offering home phone and internet services to 7,043 customers in California in the third quarter. The churn factors were visualized, enabling telecommunications companies to identify customers at significant risk of departing and improve customer loyalty. Month-to-month contracts have the highest churn rate at 42.7%, followed by one-year contracts at 11.3% and two-year agreements at 2.8%. The results demonstrate that customers who sign longer-term contracts exhibit greater loyalty, presenting an opportunity for retention programs to move month-to-month customers into longer-term agreements.

Keywords: Churn, Prediction, Profitability, R-Programming Visualization Tools, Telecommunication

Abstract: This study has considered a set of eight listed firms in three different stock exchanges (Banking, Energy and Pharmaceuticals) for a five year period from 2020 to 2025, creating 40 observations of firm years to study the relationship between firm financial performance and CSR expenditure. Using compulsory CSR disclosures under Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and log-log regression models, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric testing and CAGR estimation are used in this paper to interrogate the profit-CSR nexus across sectors. The net profit and absolute CSR expenditure are found to be strongly related and statistically significant with the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9584, Spearman rho of 0.9859, and p value < 0.001, which means that 97.36% of the variance in CSR expenditure can be explained by the log- log regression model. The mean CSR expenditure as a proportion of net profit for all the firms is 2.03% (SD = 0.41%) which is slightly above the statutory requirement of 2%. A sector-wise analysis shows that there are large differences in the intensity of CSR activity, the Energy sector has the highest CV (21–53%), and the Pharma sector has the greatest stability in compliance (CV < 3%). Results of Kruskal-Wallis test show statistically significant differences between the sectors in relation to CSR intensity (H = 6.484, p = 0.039). The implications of these findings for policymakers, investors and ESG analysts to understand the impact of India's mandatory CSR framework on the behaviour of corporate social investment are significant.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR compliance, net profit, Indian corporates, panel data, quantitative analysis, ESG.

Abstract: In recent years, with the growing demand for advanced materials, the need for the development of hybrid composites is increasing rapidly. A wide variety of studies have been going on about the natural fiber. Natural fiber uses were increased due to its eco-friendly nature, availability, low cost, ease of fabrication, light weight, biodegradability, high strength, and wide range of engineering applications. The natural fiber, such as banana fiber, offers its availability, low cost, and biodegradability, making it a better alternate to synthetic fiber. This study aims to compare the tensile and impact strength of GFRP/banana (20 wt%) and CFRP/banana (20 wt%) polymer composites. The composites are fabricated by using the hand lay-up method. One is reinforced with glass fiber with banana fiber (20 wt%) and other is the carbon fiber with banana fiber (20 wt%). There are two layers of natural fibers and three layers of carbon and glass in two different composites. Both composites were being prepared by the same procedure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact strength and tensile strength of both the materials. The experimental results showed that CFRP/banana (20 wt.%) is better tensile strength than GFRP/banana (20 wt.%) in all three tests.

Keywords: Banana fiber, Glass fiber, Carbon fiber, Impact strength, Tensile strength.

Abstract: This paper examines the role of Local Action Groups (LAGs) in advancing the smart village concept and improving access to services and infrastructure in rural Bulgaria under the LEADER/Community-Led Local Development (CLLD) approach. Drawing on a survey of 321 rural residents and 15 in-depth interviews with LAG directors, the study identifies persistent deficits in transport connectivity, digital infrastructure, and communal services, and examines the risk of reducing “smart village” to a purely technological exercise, detached from local economic and organizational realities. The findings show that LAGs are well positioned to act as coordinators between municipalities, businesses, and communities, but that their effectiveness depends on stronger organizational capacity and closer integration between infrastructure, digital literacy, and human capital support.

Keywords: LEADER; Community-Led Local Development (CLLD); Local Action Groups; smart village; rural infrastructure; digital connectivity; regional development

Abstract: In the contemporary health care system, to effectively manage the patients, it is imperative to make right forecasts of the diseases like heart disease and diabetes, among others. This article provides a Hybrid Quantum-Classical System which makes use of Quantum Variational Classifier (QVC) to predict illnesses in medicine. The suggested system takes advantage of the capabilities of quantum computing to investigate high-dimensional spaces that are generally difficult to find by classical machine learning models. Combination of quantum variational circuits and classical machine learning methods allows the effective classification of the clinical data, including age, glucose levels, and BMI. This type of system is tested by using medical datasets, and the outcomes reveal that this system is more robust, especially in the presence of noise or in case of smaller training sets. The QVC demonstrates the improvements in prediction accuracy that are promising when compared to the traditional models such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression, and Neural Networks. Such a framework preconditions the next-generation quantum-powered medical diagnostics, which will be more computationally efficient and future predictions, despite limited or noisy data.

Keywords: Hybrid Quantum-Classical System, Quantum Variational Classifier, Medical Disease Prediction, Heart Disease, Diabetes, Quantum Computing, Clinical Data Classification, Noisy Data, Quantum Variational Circuits, Computational Efficiency