VOLUME 3, ISSUE 4, APRIL 2026

Abstract: This report analyzes and forecasts six important financial ratios-Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Net Worth (RONW)-for the period from 16 to 25 using time series data available up to period 15. The study uses time series methods, along with residual analysis like ACF and PACF, to check how well the models fit the data. The results show that profitability measures like NPM and RONW are expected to increase gradually and reach stable levels over time, although the wide confidence ranges indicate some uncertainty in these predictions. Efficiency and activity ratios such as FATR and ITR show slight declines before stabilizing, while liquidity ratios like CR and QR remain mostly steady after small initial changes. The graphical trends also support the idea that most ratios are moving towards stability, and the residual analysis suggests that the models used are reasonably reliable. Overall, the findings provide a clear view of expected future financial performance, which can be helpful for planning, while also pointing out areas where predictions may be less certain.

Keywords: Time series forecasting, analysis of financial ratios such as Net Profit Margin, Return on Net Worth, Fixed Asset Turnover, Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, and Inventory Turnover, along with tools like autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions and residual analysis for checking model accuracy.

Abstract: The contemporary business landscape has fundamentally altered the traditional dynamics between companies and their customers. With digital tools and information at their fingertips, today's consumers are no longer passive recipients of marketing messages. They are informed, empowered, and increasingly resistant to interruptive, brand-controlled advertising. This study explores Customer-Controlled Marketing (CCM) as a strategic response to this shift in market power. CCM is defined as a marketing philosophy that deliberately transfers significant control over the engagement process to the consumer. The research examines the core principles of this approach-namely, consumer autonomy, ongoing consent, voluntary relationship-building, and trust as a central value proposition. Drawing on a review of existing marketing literature, this conceptual paper argues that CCM offers a viable path for organizations to build deeper, more resilient customer relationships in an era defined by skepticism and choice. The findings suggest that by prioritizing respect and transparency over persuasion, firms can achieve sustainable loyalty and competitive advantage.

Keywords: Marketing Strategy, Consumer Empowerment, Trust, Relationship Marketing, Digital Engagement.

Abstract: Published in the year 1925 and first translated into English in 1931, Chaka is the third novel written by Lesotho (country in Southern Africa) writer Thomas Mofolo. It is interesting to note that Mofolo's retelling of the life and experiences of the Zulu emperor King Shaka. Originally written in Sesotho, this novel is a mythic retelling of the life and experiences of the Zulu emperor King Shaka. It is interesting to note that Mofolo's unwillingness to denounce tribal practices infuriated the publisher, who put the original manuscript on hold for many years. Further, the first English version of the novel also ignites issues of authenticity and transparency. Daniel P. Kunene, who has translated Chaka in recent times, has published out the omission of at least two chapters from the published version that dealt with the traditions and history of the Zulu community. This paper intends to navigate the politics of publication surrounding the novel Chaka and to expose the colonial mindset that has forcibly tried to retain the perception and prejudice of the Global North towards the Global South. The publisher's attempt to denounce and critique the tribal traditions and cultural practices may be seen as a deliberate attempt on the part of the Global North to subjugate and subvert the identity of the Global South in a process that is reminiscent of colonial hegemony.

Keywords: Prejudice, Perception, Global North, Global South, Thomas Mofolo, Chaka

Abstract: The tribal communities of Koraput in Odisha preserve complex systems of ecological living rooted in collective ethics, reciprocity, sustainable food practices, ritual ecology, and deep spiritual relationships with nature. In contrast to capitalist modernity, which is driven by extraction, commodification, accumulation, and individualism, the indigenous life philosophies of Koraput are based on coexistence, restraint, and community centred living. This paper examines how the tribes of Koraput conceptualise their relationship with forests, hills, rivers, food systems, labour structures, rituals, and social life. Drawing upon indigenous ecology, deep ecology, and indigenous political ecology, the paper argues that tribal ecological consciousness offers an alternative framework for understanding sustainability and human existence in the contemporary world. The study further analyses how food culture, collective labour, cyclical notions of time, sacred ecological practices, and community relationships challenge capitalist ideas of development and consumption. At a time marked by climate crisis, ecological collapse, displacement, and the rapid expansion of extractive economies, the indigenous knowledge systems of Koraput possess immense contemporary relevance. The paper ultimately argues that the tribal communities of Koraput should not be viewed as isolated remnants of a primitive past but as custodians of sophisticated ecological philosophies capable of reshaping modern understandings of sustainability, ethics, and coexistence.

Keywords: ecology, tribal, capitalism, society, balance.