VOLUME 1, ISSUE 4, DECEMBER 2024

Abstract: The paper explores the harmonious integration of ancient practices and modern wellness principles to foster holistic health and well-being. The paper delves into the foundational philosophies of yoga and naturopathy, illustrating their synergistic potential in promoting physical, mental, and spiritual balance. Yoga, with its diverse postures, breathing techniques, and meditative practices, is presented not only as a physical exercise but as a comprehensive lifestyle approach that enhances flexibility, strength, and mental clarity. Naturopathy, emphasizing the healing power of nature, offers insights into natural remedies, nutrition, and detoxification processes that support the body’s innate ability to heal itself. The study provides theoretical advice, step-by-step instructions, and personalized routines suitable for all levels, from beginners to advanced practitioners. Through a combination of theoretical knowledge and theoretical application, readers are ushered towards achieving a balanced lifestyle that harmonizes body, mind, and spirit. By embracing the principles of yoga and naturopathy, individuals can attain improved health, greater resilience to stress, and a deeper connection to their inner selves. However, it serves as an essential resource for anyone seeking to enhance their quality of life through natural and holistic methods

Keywords: Yoga, Naturopathy, Holistic Health, Mindfulness, Wellness.

Abstract: This paper proposes the design and implementation mechanism of digital LFM synthesizer, based on the use of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer (DDFS). The proposed synthesizer is achieved using Cyclone II EP2C20F484C7 FPGA, placed on education and development board DE-1.
Using DDFS techniques in radar domain allows implementing different digital modulation operations (pulse, LFM, BPSK according to Barker codes, coherent and etc) with high accuracy and high speed in digital signal synthesizing. The designs can be developed and modified according to user requirements due to the use of reprogrammable chips (FPGA).

Keywords: Digital Modulator LFM , DDFS, FPGA.

Abstract: Semiconductor superlattice thin films of CdSe/CuSe were successfully deposited on microscopic glass substrates using SILAR deposition technique. Three SILAR cycles were optimized and the films were subjected for SEM, EDX, UV-Vis and XRD analysis prior to annealing at 423 K for 60 minutes to determine their properties for photovoltaic applications. The SEM image of the CdSe/CuSe superlattice thin film shows the surface contained agglomerated mass of interconnected spherical-like nanoparticles of different sizes. The result of the EDX analysis indicated that more of the Cu-Se atoms are deposited compared to Cd-Se atoms. The optical properties of the films showed that the absorbance and extinction coefficient of the films increased with increase in the SILAR cycles. The film deposited after 10 cycles has the highest absorbance value in the range of 0.75–0.45 in the VIS region and 0.45-0.50 in the NIR, while the film deposited at 2 cycles has lowest value of 0.20–0.10 in the VIS and 0.10 in the NIR region. The bandgap energy was found to decrease as the number of SILAR cycles increased and values obtained are 2.00 eV, 1.95 eV and 1.90 eV for the films deposited at 2, 6 and 10 cycles respectively. These bandgap values are in the range suitable for thin film solar cell and many other optoelectronic applications. Structural analysis revealed that films subjected to a higher number of SILAR cycles exhibited enhanced crystallinity. As the number of SILAR cycles increased, the average crystallite size of the CdSe/CuSe films grew larger. Simultaneously, the dislocation density and micro-strain within the films decreased progressively with the increase in the number of cycles from 6 to 10.

Keywords: cadmium selenide, copper selenide, SILAR, bandgap, superlattice, optoelectronics, solar cells

Abstract: This study focuses on the production of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SBAF) within the framework of biorefineries, emphasizing the critical role of catalysis in enabling efficient and sustainable conversion of biomass feedstocks. The research explores various production pathways, including Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, and Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ), and discusses their associated challenges, such as feedstock availability, high production costs, and technological limitations. A comprehensive overview of different catalyst types, including zeolites, metal oxides, and novel catalysts like MOFs and bifunctional catalysts, is presented, along with their catalytic mechanisms, deactivation pathways, and regeneration strategies. The paper also delves into the importance of catalyst characterization techniques in understanding catalyst performance and optimizing reaction conditions. Finally, the environmental and economic aspects of biorefinery-based SBAF production are discussed, highlighting the need for sustainable feedstock sourcing, efficient process design, and supportive policies to ensure the commercial viability and environmental sustainability of this emerging technology. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the catalytic challenges and opportunities in the production of SBAF within integrated biorefinery systems, paving the way for future research and development efforts.

Keywords: Bio-Aviation Fuel (SBAF), Biorefinery, Catalysis, Biomass Conversion, Sustainable Aviation, Catalyst Deactivation.

Abstract: Nickel-doped copper sulfide (Ni:CuS) thin films with varying thicknesses and morphologies were successfully synthesized on microscopic glass substrates via a sol-gel dip-coating method to investigate their potential for device applications. The primary precursors included copper (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI), sodium disulphide, and nickel (II) chloride hexahydrate as sources of Cu²⁺, S²⁻, and Ni²⁺ ions, respectively, with ethylene glycol serving as a stabilizing agent. The Ni:CuS thin films underwent optical, structural, morphological, and compositional characterizations using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Optical analysis revealed that the Ni:CuS films exhibited high absorbance values in the UV and NIR regions, while their refractive index increased significantly in the VIS-NIR regions. The bandgap energy decreased with increasing Ni concentration, with values of 2.66 eV, 2.50 eV, 2.41 eV, and 2.33 eV for films doped with 0.04 M, 0.06 M, 0.08 M, and 0.10 M Ni ions, respectively. XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature of the films with a hexagonal structure, while crystallite sizes for films doped with 0.02 M, 0.06 M, and 0.10 M Ni ions were determined as 19.45 nm, 19.54 nm, and 19.92 nm, respectively. EDS analysis confirmed the presence of Cu, Ni, and S, alongside trace elements. The properties demonstrated by these Ni:CuS thin films suggest their suitability for various optoelectronic applications, including optical coatings, photothermal applications, photosensors, and window layers for solar cell/photovoltaic devices.

Keywords: Nickel, Copper-Sulphide, Chalcogenides, Bandgap, Opto-electronics, Sol-gel, Dip-coating.